Linux Tips and Tricks

A collection of tips, tricks and everything linux

Transferring files with netcat {nc}

without comments

Why? If you ever are in the situation of being stuck behind a firewall or VPN connection and want to transfer a file from the machine inside the VPN or firewalled back to your local desktop.

On the server we’re going to pipe the output of file through cat and set netcat to listen on port 4009

# cat file-i-want-to-send.ext | nc -l 4009

On my desktop im going to open a nc session to port 4009 and redirect the output to a local file.

# nc server.ip.address 4009 > file-i-want-to-recieve.ext

And viola! you can verify the file is intact by doing a md5sum on the server and compare it to the one locally

On Server
# md5sum file-i-want-to-send.ext
# e4ef527eac8f5afe26d8464a963694ad file-i-want-to-send.ext

On Client
# md5sum file-i-want-to-recieve.ext
# e4ef527eac8f5afe26d8464a963694ad file-i-want-to-recieve.ext

Written by mnk0

February 28th, 2011 at 12:30 pm

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  • Posted in File Manipulation, shell

    CentOS 5.5, exim, dovecot with MySQL & SquirrelMail

    without comments

    So this is a little guide I pieced together from various sources on the internet, hopefully it helps someoone when making a similar setup.

    Could not find these packages in the centOS repository, so grabbed these from atrpms http://packages.atrpms.net/dist/el5/exim/

    # rpm --import http://packages.atrpms.net/RPM-GPG-KEY.atrpms
    # yum install dovecot squirrelmail;

    Setup mysql database and create tables

    # mysql -u root -p
    mysql> CREATE DATABASE maildb;
    mysql> grant all on maildb.* to mail@localhost identified by 'mail'
    mysql> flush privileges;

    CREATE MYSQL TABLES

    CREATE TABLE domains (
    id INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    fqdn VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
    type ENUM('local','relay') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'local',
    description VARCHAR(250) NULL,
    active TINYINT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    created TIMESTAMP(14) NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
    modified TIMESTAMP(14) NULL
    );
    CREATE TABLE mailboxes (
    id INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    domain_id INT(10) NOT NULL,
    local_part VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
    password VARCHAR(50) NULL,
    description VARCHAR(250) NULL,
    active TINYINT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    created TIMESTAMP(14) NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
    modified TIMESTAMP(14) NULL
    );
    CREATE TABLE aliases (
    id INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    domain_id INT(10) NOT NULL,
    local_part VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
    goto VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
    description VARCHAR(250) NULL,
    active TINYINT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    created TIMESTAMP(14) NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
    modified TIMESTAMP(14) NULL
    );
    CREATE TABLE vacations (
    id INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    mailbox_id INT(10) NOT NULL,
    subject VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
    body TEXT NOT NULL,
    description VARCHAR(250) NULL,
    active TINYINT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    created TIMESTAMP(14) NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
    modified TIMESTAMP(14) NULL
    );

    Exim Configuration

    # Auth params for mysql
    hide mysql_servers = localhost/MAILDB/MYSQLUSER/MYSQLPASS
    # local and relay to domains settings from mysql
    domainlist local_domains = ${lookup mysql{SELECT fqdn AS domain FROM domains WHERE fqdn='${quote_mysql:$domain}' AND type='local' AND active=1}}
    domainlist relay_to_domains = ${lookup mysql{SELECT fqdn AS domain FROM domains WHERE fqdn='${quote_mysql:$domain}' AND type='relay' AND active=1}}
    local_delivery:
    driver = appendfile
    maildir_format = true
    directory = /var/spool/mail/$domain/$local_part
    create_directory = true
    directory_mode = 0770
    mode_fail_narrower = false
    message_prefix =
    message_suffix =
    delivery_date_add
    envelope_to_add
    return_path_add
    group = mail
    mode = 0660
    dovecot_delivery:
    driver = appendfile
    maildir_format = true
    directory = /var/spool/mail/$domain/$local_part
    create_directory = true
    directory_mode = 0770
    mode_fail_narrower = false
    message_prefix =
    message_suffix =
    delivery_date_add
    envelope_to_add
    return_path_add
    user = mail
    group = mail
    mode = 0660
    auth_plain:
    driver = plaintext
    public_name = PLAIN
    server_condition = ${lookup mysql{SELECT CONCAT(mailboxes.local_part,'@',domains.fqdn) FROM mailboxes,domains WHERE \
    mailboxes.local_part=SUBSTRING_INDEX('${quote_mysql:$auth2}','@',1) AND \
    mailboxes.password=MD5('${quote_mysql:$auth3}') AND \
    mailboxes.active=1 AND \
    mailboxes.domain_id=domains.id AND \
    domains.fqdn=SUBSTRING_INDEX('${quote_mysql:$auth2}','@',-1) AND \
    domains.active=1}{yes}{no}}
    server_prompts = :
    server_set_id = $auth2
    auth_login:
    driver = plaintext
    public_name = LOGIN
    server_condition = ${lookup mysql{SELECT CONCAT(mailboxes.local_part,'@',domains.fqdn) FROM mailboxes,domains WHERE \
    mailboxes.local_part=SUBSTRING_INDEX('${quote_mysql:$auth1}','@',1) AND \
    mailboxes.password=MD5('${quote_mysql:$auth2}') AND \
    mailboxes.active=1 AND \
    mailboxes.domain_id=domains.id AND \
    domains.fqdn=SUBSTRING_INDEX('${quote_mysql:$auth1}','@',-1) AND \
    domains.active=1}{yes}{no}}
    server_prompts = Username:: : Password::
    server_set_id = $auth1

    Dovecot configuration - /etc/dovecot.conf


    passdb sql {
    args = /etc/dovecot-sql.conf
    }
    userdb passwd {
    }
    userdb SQL {
    args = /etc/dovecot-sql.conf
    }

    /etc/dovecot-sql.conf

    driver = mysql
    connect = host=localhost dbname=maildb user=MYSQLUSER password=MYSQLPASS
    default_pass_scheme = PLAIN-MD5
    password_query = SELECT CONCAT(mailboxes.local_part,'@',domains.fqdn) as `user`,mailboxes.password AS `password`,'/var/spool/mail/%d/%n' AS `userdb_home`, 8 AS `userdb_uid`, 12 AS `userdb_gid` FROM `mailboxes`, `domains` WHERE mailboxes.local_part = '%n' AND mailboxes.active = 1 AND mailboxes.domain_id = domains.id AND domains.fqdn = '%d' AND domains.active = 1
    user_query = SELECT '/var/spool/mail/%d/%n' AS `home`, 8 AS `uid`, 12 AS `gid`

    Populating our mysql tables
    INSERT INTO domains (fqdn,type,active) VALUES('my-test-site.com','local',1);
    INSERT INTO mailboxes VALUES(NULL,1,'dummy',MD5('dummy'),'test',1,NOW(),NOW());

    Testing configuration

    # telnet 10.3.0.204 143
    Trying 10.3.0.204...
    Connected to 10.3.0.204.
    Escape character is '^]'.
    * OK Dovecot ready.
    a003 LOGIN dummy@my-test-site.com dummy
    a003 OK Logged in.
    a004 SELECT INBOX
    * FLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Draft)
    * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Draft \*)] Flags permitted.
    * 7 EXISTS
    * 7 RECENT
    * OK [UNSEEN 1] First unseen.
    * OK [UIDVALIDITY 1296735311] UIDs valid
    * OK [UIDNEXT 8] Predicted next UID
    a004 OK [READ-WRITE] Select completed.

    SENDING A TEST EMAIL FROM ANOTHER BOX

    # telnet 10.3.0.204
    HELO my-test-box.com
    250 devmail Hello my-test-box.com [10.3.0.201]
    MAIL FROM:me@my-test-site.com
    250 OK
    RCPT TO:dummy@my-test-site.com
    250 Accepted
    DATA
    354 Enter message, ending with “.” on a line by itself
    TEST MESSAGE DATA
    .
    250 OK id=1Pkyad-0001b7-AF

    ACCESSING WEBMAIL

    Load up a web browswer and type in the following address.

    http://10.3.0.204/webmail

    Written by mnk0

    February 21st, 2011 at 10:57 am

    Posted in Linux

    Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick Meerkat USB install problems

    without comments

    I finished downloading ubuntu-10.10-desktop-i386.iso , and successfully created a USB startup disk using the utility in my 10.04 desktop. Now for some reason after trying to boot from it im faced with a boot error “Unknown keyword in configuration file” . After some googling I found a fix posted on Trent Scott’s Blog.

    After creating your usb startup disk with the ubuntu 10.10 iso file, open the file syslinux.cfg in the syslinux folder.

    look for the line “ui gfxboot bootlogo” and change it to “gfxboot bootlogo”.

    save the file and you’re good to go.

    Written by mnk0

    October 13th, 2010 at 11:05 am

    Posted in Linux, Ubuntu

    Tagged with ,

    ASRock ION 330 HTPC with Ubuntu 9.10 and XBMC

    without comments

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    So decided to go with ASRock ION 330 dual core atom at 2.6ghz fully specd out for 1080p playback ;) Very nice package for the price and I threw a SSD in the box for no moving parts (besides the 30mm and 80mm fans ) for airflow.

    Im installing Ubuntu 9.10 and XBMC, so installation of 9.10 was pretty standard, XBMC repository needs to be added to the apt sources, and this can easily be done by a few commands below.

    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:team-xbmc
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install xbmc xbmc-standalone

    I ran into an issue of when I put a DVD disc in there was no way for me to eject it cleanly, and also took me a good ten minutes to find the location of Play DVD from the main menu, so after a bit of digging around I found a guide on XBMC forums on how to add items to the home page.

    Basically to add items to the menu system with Confluence skin, you will need to edit this file
    /usr/share/xbmc/skin/Confluence/720p
    and find the section with the Videos and other items and add the following code

    <item id="16">
    <description>PLAY DVD</description>
    <label>PLAY DVD</label>
    <label2>PLAY DVD</label2>
    <visible>System.HasMediadvd + !Skin.HasSetting(HideDVD)</visible>
    <onclick>XBMC.PlayDVD()</onclick>
    </item>
    <item id="15">
    <description>Eject</description>
    <label>Eject</label>
    <label2>Eject the DVD</label2>
    <visible>System.HasMediadvd + !Skin.HasSetting(HideDVD)</visible>
    <onclick>XBMC.EjectTray()</onclick>
    </item>

    Written by mnk0

    April 13th, 2010 at 12:43 pm

    Posted in htpc




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    Tagged with ,

    Disk imaging with netcat and dd with ubuntu linux

    with 3 comments

    Want to create a disk image of a system but write it on another hard disk? This can easily be done with the help of netcat and dd.
    For this example you will need two computers connected on the same network, and enough room on one machine to hold your disk image

    Destination Machine

    So we’ll start off this example by preparing our destination machine to listen on tcp port 4444 via netcat. The port is arbitrary so you can really pick any port that is not being used. Just have to make sure that its the same on both ends.

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    root@tree:~# netcat -l -p 4444 | dd of=remote-machine.img

    Source Machine

    Next we’ll start a dd on the source machine and pipe it to netcat on port 4444

    root@leaf:~# dd if=/dev/sda1 | netcat destination-machine-ip 4444

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    Now sit back and wait for your image to be done, when it’s finished dd will print out its status something like

    NOTE: you will have to push CTRL+C to cancel out after this is completed, as the netcat session will still be active.
    root@leaf:~#
    30820468+71926 records in
    30867456+0 records out
    15804137472 bytes (16 GB) copied, 739.395 s, 21.4 MB/s
    ^C

    If you want to find out the status of dd during the copy theres a couple of ways to do this, open up the system monitor in Ubuntu Linux, and it should tell you the transfer rate. Launch iostat or ifstat through a terminal. Invoke a command from terminal to get dd to display the current progress .

    Viola, we’ll now have a dd image of our disk or partition. I like to verify the exact size of the file matches the size output from fdisk.

    Destination Machine

    root@root:~# ls -la remote-machine.img
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15804137472 2010-02-04 10:53 remote-machine.img

    Source Machine

    root@leaf:~# fdisk -l /dev/sda
    Disk /dev/sda: 15.8 GB, 15804137472 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1921 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

    Written by mnk0

    February 4th, 2010 at 12:29 pm

    Posted in Linux, Ubuntu, shell

    Tagged with , , ,

    Display dd progress during dd in ubuntu linux

    with 2 comments

    Started a dd but wondering what the progress is? I haven’t found a way to do a verbose mode for dd, but this command seems to do the trick.

    Lets start off by creating a dd of /dev/sda1

    mnk0@tree:~# dd if=/dev/sda1 of=my-dd.img

    We’ll need to find the process number of our dd which can easily be done with the following command.

    ps -ef | grep dd

    we’ll get something like this

    root 31733 31268 54 10:44 pts/0 00:01:55 dd of my-dd.img

    Now we can run our command to find the status of this dd. Open another terminal session.

    kill -SIGUSR1 31733

    and looking back at our dd page we should see dd dump out a status of its current progress.

    mnk0@tree:~# dd if=/dev/sda1 of=my-dd.img
    12574781+40555 records in
    12601304+0 records out
    6451867648 bytes (6.5 GB) copied, 224.634 s, 28.7 MB/s

    Written by mnk0

    February 4th, 2010 at 11:45 am

    Posted in Linux, Ubuntu, shell

    Tagged with , ,

    ubuntu 9.10 nvidia monitor settings dont save

    with 3 comments

    Was having the issue of not being able to save my dual monitor configuration with a default installation of 9.10. The xorg.conf seems to be unable to be parsed by nvidia-settings tool, so to get around this we can run nvidia-xconfig to reset the config file to something that it can work with.

    sudo nvidia-xconfig

    after that

    gksudo nvidia-settings

    and we can save to xorg.conf successfully.

    Written by mnk0

    November 5th, 2009 at 5:16 pm

    Posted in Ubuntu

    Tagged with ,

    Data recovery the quick and easy way with ubuntu desktop linux 9.04

    without comments

    Ever had a failing disk? Using some hard drive recovery tools we can make salvaging our valueble data something possible.
    Using dd_rescue we are going to make an image of the hard drive onto a reliable storage area, then we can run whatever filesystem recovery utilities we want.

    The beauty of ddrescue is that it is fully automated and will rescue all the blocks that it can read successfully on the first pass, and with any bad blocks it will come back and retry as much as possible.

    Install ddrescue tools

    sudo apt-get install ddrescue

    Connect the failed disk to your system

    By either plugging the drive directly into system, or using one of those usb enclosure or slotted drive device you’ll need to have your failing hard disk connected and unmounted before we can begin.

    sudo dd_rescue /dev/sdb disk-image.img

    mnk0@earth:~$ sudo dd_rescue /dev/sdb disk-image.img
    [sudo] password for mnk0:
    Summary for /dev/sdb -> disk-image.img:r: 0.0k, succxfer: 228352.0k
    dd_rescue: (info): ipos: 229376.0k, opos: 229376.0k, xferd: 229376.0k
    errs: 0, errxfer: 0.0k, succxfer: 229376.0k
    +curr.rate: 26249kB/s, avg.rate: 28391kB/s, avg.load: 13.5%

    We can now mount this image on our system and take a look at the files.

    mount -t ext3 -o loop disk-image.img /mnt/tmp

    Written by mnk0

    September 28th, 2009 at 12:09 pm

    Using linux like a pro with mplayer, find & play mp3 files from command line in Ubuntu Linux 9.04 Jaunty

    with 3 comments

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    Save precious CPU and memory by using mplayer to play mp3s, also keep your playlist file up to date with all your mp3 media files.

    First and foremost we need to have mplayer installed, if your on a ubuntu-debian based system use the following command
    to install mplayer, if not then you can download the appropriate packages and install them.

    apt-get install mplayer

    Lets make a home for our script file, and set the appropiate permissions

    mkdir ~/scripts; touch ~/scripts/playme.sh; chmod +x ~/scripts/playme.sh; gedit ~/scripts/playme.sh

    Paste the following code into your new script file, if you keep your Music files in a different location then change the variable musdir to match your setup.

    #/bin/bash
    # VARS ##########################################
    tmpdir='/tmp'
    musdir='/home/osamad/Music'
    filename='playlist.m3u'
    # CODE ##########################################
    find $musdir -name '*.mp3' -o -name '*.ogg' 2>/dev/null >> $tmpdir/$filename
    mplayer -playlist $tmpdir/$filename -shuffle -loop 0 -radio volume=80

    playme

    Using find we build a list of all our mp3s, in this case we have multiple types of media files we want to play so we can specify that by adding the -o -name flags and add them in.

    • -playlist ;flag we set the playlist file we just created
    • -shuffle ; enables shuffle mode
    • -loop 0 ; enables loop 0=forever
    • -radio volume=80 ; set the default volume to 80% (use * or / to adjust when playing)

    RunTime

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    Push ALT+F2 or launch from a terminal

    ./scripts/playme.sh

    playme-terminal

    MORE

    To find out more information, or to customize your mplayer settings

    man mplayer

    Create a custom launcher and run your script from the gnome-panel

    Written by mnk0

    May 1st, 2009 at 1:35 pm

    Posted in Linux, Ubuntu, shell

    Tagged with , , , ,

    Gnome Do, with Docky in Ubuntu Ibex 8.10 setup guide

    without comments

    I recently found out about an amazingly slick desktop dock, called Gnome Do. Not only is it great looking, but its functionality is what sold me on this one. With the ability to launch any app, from the launcher simply by typing the name Gnome Do has totally converted me.

    I set this up on my Ubuntu Ibex Desktop with a couple easy steps.

    Adding repository to Apt

    Open up a gnome-terminal window, and then lets open up the file /etc/apt/sources.list . Paste the following into your terminal.
    gksudo /etc/apt/sources.list

    Copy and paste the following repositories at the end of your file in gedit.
    # GNOME DO ######################################################
    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/do-core/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main
    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/do-core/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main

    Adding GPG Key to apt (Optional)

    1. Open up gedit then copy and paste this PGP key to a text file, gnome-do.key and save it
    -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
    Version: SKS 1.0.10
    mI0ESXUVdQEEAN8ALfH3wueKsSgDwA/HVEHdB7nlppqGKW/tubvGTy0ayf4M9ylX45szZK97
    uL9/UHh5/B7eGMSB45EMJ0/qvTiflS6SwCxRCoKCW1PpYZlVcOLh5UUBkyREPJZcki1lK7pf
    xvG9LkYKnvBP89s2PnO5LlDheEsVR4SqDGEtich/ABEBAAG0JExhdW5jaHBhZCBQUEEgZm9y
    IEdOT01FIERvIENvcmUgVGVhbYi2BBMBAgAgBQJJdRV1AhsDBgsJCAcDAgQVAggDBBYCAwEC
    HgECF4AACgkQKKggUHdVjdCVeAP+ONJtMFx9MGSJe33YiskagXEG5cQGYdDi5sWWUAP80bP1
    Qe+Dsnjs3VKQ9ZZW3M8UNXsoFFN501hgJFBwUUCWIRSGZkzVgKoZZtZOe0Dws39xfV//8JFS
    Te/r0oPzrr10iTFupTe/wBR0M9JbKGdY7SvooyqU+W2rf8/LldGx7KE=
    =3C2V
    -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

    2. Open up the Software Sources Configuration Menu, and click on the Authentication tab. Then Import Key,

    Installing Gnome Do

    Open up a gnome-terminal window and type

    sudo apt-get update
    then type
    sudo apt-get install gnome-do

    Removing the default gnome panel

    Dont worry, you can easily bring it back, we’re just gonna hide it, push ALT+F2 or from a gnome-terminal run
    gconf-editor

    Navigate to ‘ Apps > Panel > TopLevels > top_panel_screen0 ‘ These are the values I changed to make it dissappear
    auto_hide = checked
    auto_hide_size = 1
    hide_delay = 1
    unhide_delay = 10000
    x = 0
    y = 10000

    Select Docky

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    yang baik dan bersih

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  • contoh yang baik dan bersih
  • Launch gnome-do from the terminal or from ALT-F2
    gnome-do
    Right click on the Gnome Do , launcher, then click on preferences, then click on the Appearence Tab, and select Docky. Now you have a desktop that looks almost as good as mine!! :)

    Check out the website for most customization, and features. http://do.davebsd.com/

    Written by mnk0

    March 19th, 2009 at 4:18 pm

    Posted in Desktop, Linux, Ubuntu

    Tagged with , , , ,